Allah is enough for His servant, so fear of idols is misplaced. If Allah intends harm or mercy, none can avert or withhold it; the Prophet is told to persist, as each party will soon know who faces lasting humiliation.
The Quran is sent as guidance; whoever follows benefits himself and whoever strays bears the loss. Allah takes souls at death and in sleep, and all intercession belongs to Him—He alone owns the heavens and earth and all return to Him.
When Allah alone is mentioned, disbelievers recoil, but rejoice at mention of others. On the Day of Judgment they will confront the consequences of their deeds, and what they used to mock will surround them.
In adversity people call on Allah, but when favored they claim it is due to their own knowledge—yet it is a test. Past nations said the same, but their gains did not protect them; Allah expands or restricts provision as He wills.
Sinners are invited to repent: Allah forgives all sins for those who return to Him. People are urged to follow the best of what is revealed before punishment arrives, so no soul laments neglect or claims it would have done better if guided.
Al-Wahidi reports differing accounts for verse 39:53. From Ibn Abbas: idolaters who had killed and committed adultery many times asked the Prophet whether there was any expiation for their deeds. This version is also recorded by al-Bukhari. Another report from Ibn Abbas names the people of Makkah, who feared they could not be forgiven. From Umar: the verses came down about Muslims such as Ayyash ibn Abi Rabiah and Hisham ibn al-As. They had been tortured or pressured into leaving Islam, and other Muslims believed Allah would not accept their repentance. Umar wrote the verses down and sent them to these men, and they returned to Islam and emigrated. Al-Fahl grades the chain of Umar's report fair. Some say the verse was about Wahshi, who killed Hamzah.
Those who lied about Allah will be humbled on the Day of Resurrection, while Allah delivers the people of taqwa to success. He is the Creator of all things and holds the keys of the heavens and earth; rejecting His signs is true loss.
The Prophet is commanded to worship Allah alone and warn against shirk. Deeds are nullified by association, and all are told to be grateful. The Trumpet will be blown, the earth will shine with its Lord’s light, records will be set, and every soul will be judged with perfect justice.
Verse 39:67 came down about a man from the People of the Book. Al-Wahidi reports from Abdullah ibn Masud that the man came to the Prophet and said, "O Abu al-Qasim, have you heard that Allah carries all creatures on one finger, the earths on one finger, the trees on one finger and the soil on one finger, and then says, 'I am the King'?" The Prophet laughed until his back teeth showed, and Allah revealed this verse. Al-Fahl grades the chain sound.
The disbelievers are herded to Hell in groups; its gates open as angels reproach them for rejecting messengers and warnings. They are told to enter and remain—an evil home for the arrogant.
The people of taqwa are brought to Paradise in groups; its gates are opened and they are greeted with peace and told to enter eternally. They praise Allah for fulfilling His promise, while angels surround the Throne glorifying Allah as judgment concludes in truth.
The Qur’an is from Allah, the Mighty and Knowing; He forgives and punishes, while rejecters dispute and earn His wrath.
Angels seek forgiveness for believers, while the condemned are told Allah’s hatred is greater than their self-hatred for rejecting faith.
Allah shows His signs and sends sustenance; He warns of the approaching Day when every soul is repaid with perfect justice.
The heart-choking Hour is near; no intercessor can help without permission, and Allah judges with truth.
Past peoples were stronger yet destroyed for denying clear proofs; Allah is powerful and severe in punishment.
Moses comes with signs; Pharaoh and his chiefs call him a sorcerer and plot, while Moses seeks refuge from every proud denier.
A believing man from Pharaoh’s family warns against killing Moses and asks who will protect them from Allah’s punishment.
He cautions them with the fate of earlier factions and reminds them how they doubted Joseph until they became hardened in denial.
The deniers argue without proof; Pharaoh orders a tower to “reach” the God of Moses, persisting in deception and ruin.
The believer urges faith and the Hereafter, exposing their invitation to disbelief; Allah saves him as Pharaoh’s plot collapses.
They are exposed to the Fire morning and evening and enter harsher torment; in Hell they plead for relief but are refused.
Allah aids His messengers and believers; the arrogant who dispute His signs are driven by pride and will be punished.
Creating the heavens and earth is greater than creating people; Allah promises to answer supplication and warns against arrogance in worship.
Night, day, and earth’s provisions show Allah’s favor; He is the Living Truth, so worship Him sincerely alone.
The Prophet is commanded to worship Allah only; He gives life and death, and when He wills a thing He says, “Be,” and it is.
Rejecters dispute the signs and deny revelation; they are dragged in chains, questioned about false gods, and told to enter Hell.
The Prophet is told to endure; some promised outcomes will be shown in life or after death, and many messengers came before.
Allah provides cattle for riding and food and displays many signs so people may reflect and be grateful.
Travelers are urged to see past ruins; when punishment came, late belief did not help, and the deniers were left in loss.
The Quran is sent from the Most Merciful as clear Arabic guidance; many turn away, while the faithful who do good are promised lasting reward.
Allah created the earth and its provisions in due measure, then fashioned the heavens into seven, assigning each its order and adornment.
Rejecters are warned of a thunderbolt-like punishment; ‘Ad and Thamud denied their messengers and were seized, while the believers were saved.
On the Day of Judgment, ears, eyes, and skins testify against those who doubted resurrection and hid their sins, leaving them to the Fire.
Verses 41:22-23 came down about three men, one from Quraysh and two in-laws from Thaqif, or the other way round. Al-Wahidi reports from Ibn Masud that they were talking together and asked whether Allah could hear them. One said He hears some of it, and another said that if He hears some, He hears all. Bukhari and Muslim also record this report. In a second version, Ibn Masud was hiding behind the Kaaba's coverings. He overheard one of the men say Allah hears only when they raise their voices, then told the Prophet, and these verses came down. Al-Fahl grades this second report fair.
Evil companions beautify falsehood, leading to deserved punishment, while those who remain steadfast are comforted by angels with Paradise and forgiveness.
Al-Wahidi covers only verse 41:30. Through Ata, he reports from Ibn Abbas that it came down about Abu Bakr. The idolaters said "Our Lord is Allah" but called the angels His daughters and their idols intercessors with Him, so they did not stay steadfast. The Jews said "Our Lord is Allah" but called Uzair His son and denied that Muhammad was a prophet, so they did not stay steadfast either. Abu Bakr said "Our Lord is Allah alone, with no partner, and Muhammad is His servant and Messenger," and he stayed steadfast. Al-Wahidi gives this report without a chain, and al-Fahl does not grade it.
The best speech is to دعوت to Allah with righteous deeds; believers are urged to respond with goodness and seek refuge from Satan’s whispers.
Day and night, sun and moon are signs to worship their Creator alone; the barren earth revived by rain points to resurrection.
Those who distort revelation are warned; the Quran is mighty and consistent, and Moses’ experience shows how disputes and delay in judgment test people.
Each soul bears its own deeds; on the Day of Reckoning, the idols and associates people relied on will disappear and offer no help.