No Judge but Allah and the Final Word
Allah’s revelation is fully explained and true; His words cannot be changed, and many mislead by conjecture.
Juz 8
6. Al-Anʿām
The CattleEat Lawful and Avoid Sin
Eat from what Allah’s name is mentioned over if you believe; avoid open and hidden sin, for the sinful will be repaid.
Satanic Disputes and Allah’s Guidance
Do not eat what lacks Allah’s name; devils inspire argument. Allah opens hearts to Islam, while rejecting hearts become constricted.
Context · al-Wahidi
Verse 6:121 came down when the polytheists argued that Muslims ate what they and their dogs and falcons killed, but not what Allah killed, meaning dead animals. Al-Fahl notes similar reports from Ibn Abbas, one with a fair chain. Ikrimah says Persian Magians wrote this argument to their Quraysh allies, and it troubled some Muslims. For verse 6:122, Ibn Abbas says it refers to Hamzah and Abu Jahl. Abu Jahl had thrown animal entrails at the Prophet. Hamzah, not yet a Muslim, struck him with his bow and declared his faith. A report from Zayd ibn Aslam names Umar ibn al-Khattab as the one given life and Abu Jahl as the one in darkness. Al-Fahl grades that report fabricated.
Source text (2 entries)
The words of Allah, Mighty and Majestic: "And do not eat of that over which the name of Allah has not been mentioned..." [to the end of the verse] [6:121]The polytheists said: O Muhammad, tell us about the sheep: when it dies, who killed it? He said: Allah killed it. They said:
So you claim that what you and your companions kill is lawful, and what the dog and the falcon(1) kill is lawful, but what Allah killed is unlawful? So Allah, Exalted is He, sent down this verse (2).
Ikrimah said: When Allah, Exalted is He, sent down the prohibition of carrion, the Magians of the people of Persia wrote to the polytheists of Quraysh - they had been their allies in the Jahiliyyah, and there was correspondence between them - saying: Muhammad and his companions claim that they follow the command of Allah, yet they claim that what they slaughter is lawful, and what Allah slaughters is unlawful. Something of that settled in the hearts of some of the Muslims, so Allah, Exalted is He, sent down this verse(1).
(2) Several reports from Ibn Abbas have come with this meaning.
Among them: what al-Nasa'i recorded, 7/237, al-Tabari in his Tafsir, 8/17, and al-Hakim, 4/233, with a fair chain, by way of Harun ibn Abi Waki', from his father, from Ibn Abbas, concerning the words of Allah, Exalted is He, "And do not eat of that over which the name of Allah has not been mentioned": he said: The polytheists disputed with them and said: What Allah slaughters, you do not eat, but what you yourselves slaughter, you eat!! =
= And among them: what Abu Dawud recorded (2818), al-Tabari in his Tafsir, 8/17, al-Bayhaqi, 9/241,
and al-Samarqandi in his Tafsir, 1/510, by way of Ikrimah, from Ibn Abbas, concerning the words of Allah, Exalted is He, "And indeed the devils inspire their allies": they say: What Allah slaughters, do not eat, but what you slaughter, eat. So Allah, Mighty and Majestic, sent down: "And do not eat of that over which the name of Allah has not been mentioned" [...]
(1) Recorded by al-Tabari in his Tafsir, 8/16, and Ibn Abi Hatim in his Tafsir, 4/1379 (7842); and mentioned by Ibn Atiyyah in his Tafsir, 5/335, Ibn al-Jawzi in his Tafsir, 3/114, al-Tha'alibi in his Tafsir, 2/512, and al-Suyuti in al-Durr al-Manthur, 8/348.
The words of Allah (Mighty and Majestic): "Is one who was dead, and We gave him life..." [to the end of the verse] [6:122].Ibn Abbas said: He means Hamzah ibn Abd al-Muttalib and Abu Jahl. That is because Abu Jahl threw dung at the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him), and Hamzah had not yet believed. Hamzah was told what Abu Jahl had done while he was returning from his hunting with a bow in his hand. He came forward in anger until he stood over Abu Jahl with the bow, while Abu Jahl pleaded with him and said: "O Abu Ya'la, do you not see what he has brought? He has called our minds foolish, insulted our gods, and gone against our fathers!" Hamzah said: "And who is more foolish than you? You worship stones instead of Allah. I bear witness that there is no god but Allah alone(2), with no partner, and that Muhammad is His servant and His Messenger." So Allah (Exalted is He) sent down this verse (3).
(245) Abu Bakr al-Harithi informed us, saying: Abu Muhammad ibn(1) Hayyan informed us, saying: Abdullah ibn Muhammad ibn Ya'qub and al-Walid ibn Aban narrated to us, both saying: Abu Hatim narrated to us, saying: Abu Taqi narrated to us, saying: Baqiyyah ibn al-Walid narrated to us, saying: Mubashshir ibn Ubayd narrated to me, from Zayd ibn Aslam, concerning the words of Allah (Mighty and Majestic): "Is one who was dead, and We gave him life, and made for him a light by which he walks among the people" [6:122]. He said: Umar ibn al-Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him). "Like one whose likeness is in darknesses from which he cannot come out" [6:122]. He said: Abu Jahl ibn Hisham (2).
Surat al-A'raf (3)
(3) Al-Baghawi mentioned it in his Tafsir 2/156 (890), and Ibn al-Jawzi in his Tafsir 3/116.
(2) Fabricated. Its defect is Mubashshir ibn Ubayd. Imam Ahmad said of him: "Baqiyyah and Abu al-Mughirah transmitted fabricated hadiths from him; a liar." He once said: "He is nothing; he fabricates hadith." Ibn Hibban said: "He transmitted fabrications from trustworthy narrators." Al-Daraqutni said: "Abandoned; he fabricates hadith and lies."
Mizan al-I'tidal 3/433-434 (7052). Ibn Abi Hatim recorded it in his Tafsir 4/1381 (7853), and the author mentioned it in al-Tafsir al-Wasit 2/319, and al-Suyuti in al-Durr al-Manthur 3/352, who also attributed it to Ibn al-Mundhir and Abu al-Shaykh.
Al-Tabari recorded it in his Tafsir 8/22, and Ibn Abi Hatim in his Tafsir 4/1381 (7852), from al-Dahhak.
Abu al-Shaykh recorded it from Ibn Abbas, as al-Suyuti mentioned in Lubab al-Nuqul: 104.
Abu al-Shaykh recorded it from Abu Sufyan, as al-Suyuti mentioned in al-Durr al-Manthur 3/352.
(3) The copyist of the original manuscript wrote at this point "collation reached here". This shows that it was collated against the copy from which it was transcribed, which is evidence of its quality, soundness and authenticity.
fabricated
The Straight Path and the Home of Peace
This is Allah’s straight way; those who remember are granted the abode of peace, with Allah as their protecting ally.
Jinn and Humans Accounted, Then a Warning
On the Day of Judgment, mutual exploitation is confessed; excuses fail. Allah’s message came through messengers, so act—outcome will be known.
Corrupt Offerings and Killing Children
They assign shares to Allah and idols unjustly and follow invented rules; Satan leads them to kill children and ruin themselves.
Eat, Give Due, and Reject Superstitions
Allah created varied crops and livestock; eat and give the due at harvest without excess, and do not forbid what Allah provided.
True Dietary Prohibitions and False Claims
Only specific foods are forbidden, while others are lawful; they are challenged to produce knowledge for their invented bans and witnesses.
Core Commandments and the Straight Way
Key prohibitions and duties are outlined: no shirk, kindness to parents, no killing, no indecency, justice, and fulfilling covenants—follow Allah’s path.
Scripture, Proof, and the Closing of Repentance
The Torah was given as guidance; the Qur’an is blessed and confirming. When certain signs come, belief without prior faith will not benefit.
No Sectarianism; Sincerity and Stewardship
Those who split religion are disowned by the Prophet; worship must be purely for Allah. He raises ranks and tests people with what He gives.
7. Al-Aʿrāf
The HeightsA Book to Warn and Remind
The Quran is sent to warn and to remind believers; people are commanded to follow God’s revelation and not other patrons.
Nations Judged by the Scale
Past towns were seized for wrongdoing; on the Day of Judgment deeds will be weighed—those heavy with good succeed, the light suffer loss.
Adam, Honor, and Iblis’ Refusal
Humankind is settled on earth; God creates Adam and commands prostration, but Iblis refuses out of pride and is granted respite to mislead.
The Fall and the Promise of Guidance
Satan tempts Adam and his wife to eat from the tree; their nakedness is exposed, they repent, and humanity is sent to earth where guidance will come.
Clothing and the Garment of Piety
God provides clothing to cover and adorn, but the best لباس is piety; believers are warned not to be deceived as Adam was.
No Proof for Immorality; Lawful Adornments
People cannot justify indecency by attributing it to God; God commands justice and sincerity in worship and affirms lawful beauty and provision for believers.
Context · al-Wahidi
Verses 7:31-32 came down about the pre-Islamic custom of circling the Kaaba naked. Al-Wahidi reports from Ibn Abbas that Bedouin men and women did this, and Muslim's Sahih records a version in which 7:32 came down with 7:31. Abu Salamah says pilgrims thought it wrong to circle the Kaaba in their own clothes after leaving Mina. Al-Fahl grades that chain weak. Al-Kalbi says that during the pilgrimage the pagans ate only bare rations and no fat. Muslims said they were more entitled to do so, and Allah revealed "Eat and drink."
Source text (1 entry)
The words of Allah, Mighty and Majestic: "O children of Adam, take your adornment at every mosque" [7:31].(246) Sa'id ibn Muhammad al-Adl informed us, saying: Abu Amr ibn Hamdan informed us, saying: al-Hasan ibn Sufyan informed us, saying: al-Hasan ibn Hammad al-Warraq related to us, saying: Abu Yahya al-Himmani informed us, from Nasr ibn al-Hasan al-Haddad(1), from Ikrimah, from Ibn Abbas, who said: Some people(2) of the Bedouin used to circle the House naked. A woman would even circle the House while she was naked, hanging on her lower part(3) thongs like these thongs that are put on the faces of donkeys against the flies, and she would say: "Today some of it or all of it shows, and whatever of it shows I do not make lawful." So Allah, Mighty and Majestic, sent down to His Prophet (peace be upon him): "O children of Adam, take your adornment at every mosque" [7:31](4). He said: So they were commanded to wear(5) clothes.
(247) Abd al-Rahman ibn Ahmad al-Attar informed us, saying: Muhammad ibn Abdullah ibn Muhammad(6) al-Hafiz related to us, saying: Muhammad ibn Ya'qub al-Ma'qili related to us, saying: Ibrahim ibn Marzuq related to us, saying: Abu Dawud al-Tayalisi related to us, saying: Shu'bah related to us, from Salamah ibn Kuhayl, who said: I heard Muslim al-Batin relating from Sa'id ibn Jubayr, from Ibn Abbas, who said: In the days of ignorance a woman would circle the House while she was naked, with a rag over her private part, and she would say: "Today some of it or all of it shows,(7) and whatever of it shows I do not make lawful."
So there came down: "Take your adornment at every mosque" [7:31], and there came down: "Say: Who has forbidden the adornment of Allah" [7:32]. Muslim recorded it(1) from Bundar, from Ghundar, from Shu'bah.
(248) Al-Hasan ibn Muhammad al-Farisi informed us, saying: Muhammad ibn Abdullah ibn Hamdun informed us, saying: Ahmad ibn al-Hasan(2) al-Hafiz informed us, saying: Muhammad ibn Yahya related to us, saying: Isma'il ibn Abi Uways related to us, saying: My brother related to me, from Sulayman ibn Bilal, from Muhammad ibn Abi Atiq, from Ibn Shihab, from Abu Salamah ibn Abd al-Rahman, who said: When they performed the pilgrimage and came back from Mina, it was not permitted for any of them, in the religion they had laid down for themselves, to circle in his two garments. Whichever of them circled would throw them off until he had finished his circling, and that was considered more pious. So Allah, Exalted is He, sent down concerning them: "O children of Adam, take your adornment at every mosque" [7:31], up to His words, Exalted is He: "for a people who know" [7:32]. It was sent down about those who circled the House naked(3).
Al-Kalbi said: The people of the days of ignorance would eat no food except bare sustenance, and would eat no fat during the days of their pilgrimage. By this they honoured their pilgrimage. So the Muslims said: O Messenger of Allah, we have more right to that. So Allah, Exalted is He, sent down: "And eat" - that is, meat and fat - "and drink"(4) [7:31].
(4) In (B): "he said".
Recorded by al-Tabari in his Tafsir 8/160, and Ibn Abi Hatim in his Tafsir 4/1464; cited by al-Baghawi in his Tafsir 2/188, and al-Suyuti in al-Durr al-Manthur 3/440, who also attributed it to Ibn Mardawayh.
(1) Sahih Muslim 8/243 (3028) (25). Also recorded by al-Nasa'i in al-Mujtaba 5/233, in his al-Kubra (3947) and in his al-Tafsir (202); al-Tabari in his Tafsir 8/160; Ibn Abi Hatim in his Tafsir 4/1464 (8375) and 4/1466 (8389); and the author in al-Wasit 2/362. Cited by al-Suyuti in al-Durr al-Manthur 3/438, who also attributed it to Ibn Mardawayh and Ibn al-Mundhir.
(3) Its chain is weak, because of the weakness of Isma'il ibn Abi Uways; he is weak outside the Sahih, and this is one such case. This hadith is among those reported only by the author. And Allah knows best.
(4) Cited by al-Baghawi in his Tafsir 2/188, and the author in al-Wasit 2/363.
weak chain
What God Forbids and the Fixed Term
Major sins and speaking about God without knowledge are forbidden; every community has an appointed time that cannot be delayed or advanced.
Messengers, Accountability, and Mutual Blame
When messengers come, those who heed them have no fear, while rejecters face the Fire; followers and leaders blame one another, and all are recompensed.
The People of Paradise and the People of Fire
Arrogant deniers are barred from Paradise, while believers dwell in gardens; the people of Fire are cursed for blocking God’s path and denying the Hereafter.
The Heights (Al-A‘raf) and Lost Pride
A barrier separates Paradise and Hell; people on the Heights recognize both sides, exposing that worldly status and pride could not save the doomed.
No Relief for the Neglectful
The people of the Fire beg for water or provision, but are denied because they treated religion as play and were deceived by worldly life.
A Detailed Book and Inevitable Fulfillment
God has brought a scripture explained with knowledge as guidance and mercy; when its warnings come true, regret brings no benefit.
God’s Lordship in Creation and Mercy in Rain
God created the heavens and earth and governs all affairs; people are urged to call upon Him humbly, and rain revives dead land as a sign and mercy.
Noah: Call to Worship One God
Noah warns his people against idolatry; they accuse him, but he persists with sincere counsel until God saves him and drowns the deniers.
Hud and ‘Ad: Arrogance and Ruin
Hud calls ‘Ad to worship God and seek forgiveness; they reject him arrogantly, so a destructive wind and punishment overtake them, while believers are saved.
Salih and Thamud: The She-Camel Test
Salih presents God’s she-camel as a sign and warns against harming her; they kill her and are seized by a cry/quake, while Salih departs grieving.
Lot: Condemning Sexual Perversion
Lot condemns his people’s unprecedented indecency; they threaten to expel the pure, so God saves Lot and destroys the wrongdoers with a rain of punishment.
Shu‘ayb: Honest Measure and Patience
Shu‘ayb calls Madyan to worship God, give full measure, and stop corruption; he urges patience until God judges between believers and rejecters.