For verse 4:32, Mujahid reports that Umm Salamah complained to the Prophet that men go to war while women do not and get only half the inheritance (al-Fahl notes this report is mursal). Ikrimah says women wished they could fight to earn men's reward (al-Fahl calls two of its narrators weak), while Qatadah and al-Suddi say that after the inheritance rule in 4:11, men hoped for double the reward in the next life and women hoped to carry only half the sin. Said ibn al-Musayyab says verse 4:33 came down about people who adopted men and made them their heirs: Allah gave the adopted a share by bequest and returned inheritance to blood relatives (also mursal).

Verse 4:34 came down about a husband who struck his wife. Muqatil says it was Sa'd ibn al-Rabi of the Ansar, whose wife Habibah bint Zayd had defied him and was slapped. Her father brought her to the Prophet, who ordered retaliation. Then the Prophet said Gabriel had come, this verse was revealed, and retaliation was lifted. The Prophet said: "We wanted one thing and Allah wanted another, and what Allah wanted is better." Two reports from al-Hasan tell the same story about an unnamed man. Al-Fahl grades both mursal.

Al-Wahidi reports that most commentators say verse 4:37 came down about the Jews. They hid the description of the Prophet Muhammad found in their own scriptures and did not explain it to people. Al-Kalbi says the same: they were too stingy to confirm the Prophet's description to those who asked. Mujahid says verses 4:37-39 all came down about the Jews. Ibn Abbas and Ibn Zayd say instead that it came down about some Jews who mixed with men of the Ansar and urged them not to spend their wealth, saying they feared poverty for them.

Al-Wahidi says the first part of the verse came down about some Companions who drank wine and came to prayer drunk. He reports from Ali that Abd al-Rahman ibn Awf held a meal with drink, and at the sunset prayer the man leading it misrecited Surah al-Kafirun. Al-Fahl grades the chain sound. For the tayammum clause, Aishah reports that her necklace broke on a journey, and the people stayed to search for it with no water. Abu Bakr scolded her, and Allah then sent down the verse on tayammum. Al-Bukhari and Muslim record this report. A similar report from Ammar ibn Yasir has a chain that al-Fahl says is open to criticism.

Verse 4:49 came down, al-Kalbi says, about Jewish men who brought their children to the Prophet. He told them the children had no sin, and they claimed they were the same, since their sins by day were forgiven by night and their sins by night by day. For 4:51-52, al-Wahidi reports from Ikrimah that Huyayy ibn Akhtab and Ka'b ibn al-Ashraf told the people of Mecca that their old religion was better guided than Muhammad's. The exegetes add that Ka'b went to Mecca with seventy Jewish riders after Uhud to ally with Quraysh. At their demand he bowed to their idols, and he told Abu Sufyan the same thing. Qatadah says both men knew they were lying and acted out of envy of the Prophet.

Verse 4:58 came down about Uthman ibn Talhah, keeper of the Kaaba's key, which Ali took from him at the conquest of Mecca and the verse ordered returned; Mujahid's version is mursal, and al-Fahl notes disputed details. Ibn Abbas links 4:59 to Abdullah ibn Hudhafah, sent on a raid (in Bukhari and Muslim); another report ties it to a quarrel between Khalid ibn al-Walid and Ammar. Verse 4:60 concerns people who took disputes to a soothsayer instead of the Prophet: men of Aslam (Ibn Abbas), a Muslim and a Jew (Qatadah), a hypocrite and a Jew (al-Sha'bi, chain weak), Qurayzah and Nadir over blood-money (al-Suddi); al-Kalbi, called a liar by al-Fahl, says Umar killed the hypocrite.

Verse 4:65 came down about al-Zubayr ibn al-Awwam and an Ansari man, named as Hatib ibn Abi Baltaah or Thalabah ibn Hatib. Al-Zubayr reports that they disputed over watering from a channel. When the Prophet ruled for al-Zubayr, the man said it was because al-Zubayr was his cousin. Al-Bukhari and Muslim record this, and al-Fahl grades a similar report from Umm Salamah sound. Verse 4:69, al-Kalbi says, came down about Thawban, the Prophet's freed slave. He feared he would not see the Prophet in Paradise. Masruq and Qatadah tell a similar story about Companions in general. Aishah reports it of an unnamed man, and al-Fahl grades that chain sound.

Verse 4:77 came down about Companions such as Abd al-Rahman ibn Awf, al-Miqdad ibn al-Aswad, Qudamah ibn Mazun and Saad ibn Abi Waqqas. In Mecca they suffered abuse from the idolaters and asked to fight, but the Prophet told them to hold back. After the move to Medina, when fighting was ordered, some of them shrank from it. Al-Kalbi gives this account, and al-Wahidi reports the same from Ibn Abbas, a chain al-Fahl grades fair. Verse 4:78 came down, according to Ibn Abbas, after the Muslims killed at Uhud. Hypocrites who had stayed behind said their brothers would not have died had they stayed with them.

Al-Wahidi gives three reports for verse 4:88. Zayd ibn Thabit says some men set out with the Prophet for Uhud and then turned back, and the Muslims split over whether to kill them; al-Wahidi notes that al-Bukhari and Muslim record it. Abd al-Rahman ibn Awf says some Arabs who had become Muslim caught the Medina fever and left the city, and the Companions disagreed over whether they had become hypocrites; al-Fahl grades this chain weak. Mujahid says some men came from Mecca claiming to be emigrants, then went back on their faith and asked to return to Mecca for trade goods; 4:89 ordered them killed, but 4:90 spared them because they went to Hilal ibn Uwaymir al-Aslami, an ally of the Prophet.

Verse 4:92: al-Wahidi reports from al-Qasim that Ayyash ibn Abi Rabiah killed al-Harith ibn Yazid, not knowing he had become Muslim; al-Fahl grades the chain weak. Al-Kalbi adds that al-Harith had earlier tormented Ayyash in Mecca. Verse 4:93: al-Kalbi, from Ibn Abbas, says Miqyas ibn Subabah took blood-money for his murdered brother, then killed his escort and returned to Mecca an unbeliever; al-Fahl calls this report false. Verse 4:94: Ibn Abbas reports that Muslims killed a shepherd who greeted them with peace and took his sheep (in Bukhari and Muslim). Other reports name al-Miqdad (mursal, weak), Muhallim ibn Jaththamah (strong chain), and Usamah ibn Zayd (al-Suddi).

Verse 4:95 is the subject here. Al-Wahidi reports from Zayd ibn Thabit that he was with the Prophet when the verse first came down without the words "except those with valid excuses". The blind Companion Ibn Umm Maktum asked what he should do, since he could not see. Revelation then came over the Prophet, and he told Zayd to write the added phrase. Al-Wahidi also reports from al-Bara that Zayd wrote the verse on a shoulder bone. Ibn Umm Maktum complained of his blindness, and the exception was revealed before he left. Al-Wahidi notes that al-Bukhari and Muslim also record these reports.

Al-Wahidi says verse 4:97 came down about people in Mecca who had professed Islam but did not emigrate. They went out with the idolaters at Badr and were killed. He reports this from Ibn Abbas, and al-Fahl notes that al-Bukhari also records it. For verse 4:100, Ibn Abbas reports that the Muslims of Mecca received verse 4:97 in writing. An elderly man, Habib ibn Damrah al-Laythi, then had his sons carry him toward Medina, and he died on the way at al-Tanim. Al-Fahl calls one chain of this report weak. Ikrimah gives a similar account about a sick man of Banu Bakr who died at al-Hashas.

Verse 4:102 came down at Usfan, on the prayer of fear. Al-Wahidi reports from Abu Ayyash al-Zuraqi that the Muslims prayed the noon prayer with the Prophet. The idolaters, led by Khalid ibn al-Walid, said they had missed a chance to catch them off guard, and they planned to attack during the afternoon prayer, which they said the Muslims loved more than their own fathers. Gabriel then brought these verses between the two prayers. Al-Fahl grades this chain sound. A similar report from Ibn Abbas says Allah told the Prophet what the idolaters were plotting; al-Fahl grades it very weak.

Al-Wahidi says these verses, running on to 4:116, all came down about one incident, and he attributes this to a group of exegetes. Tu'mah ibn Ubayriq of the Ansar stole a coat of mail from his neighbour Qatadah ibn al-Nu'man. Flour leaking from the bag left a trail. Tu'mah hid the armour with a Jew named Zayd ibn al-Samin and swore he had not taken it. His clan asked the Prophet to argue for him. The Prophet was inclined to do so and to punish the Jew, until Allah revealed these verses. Al-Fahl traces the story to Qatadah ibn al-Nu'man's hadith, notes several defects in its chain and labels the report mursal.

Verse 4:123 came down when people of different religions each boasted that they were better than the others, according to Abu Salih. Masruq and Qatada say Muslims and the People of the Book argued over whose prophet and scripture ranked higher, and that verses 4:124-125 then upheld the Muslims' case. On why Allah took Abraham as a close friend in 4:125, the reports differ. A hadith from Abdullah ibn Amr says it was because he fed people (al-Fahl grades the chain weak). Ibn Abza says the Angel of Death told Abraham. Al-Kalbi, from Ibn Abbas, tells how in a famine sacks of sand turned into fine flour. Related hadiths from Abu Umamah and Abu Hurayrah are graded very weak and fabricated.

Al-Wahidi reports from Aishah that people asked the Prophet about women after the earlier verse on orphans was revealed, so Allah sent down this verse. She explains that what is "recited to you in the Book" refers to the earlier verse 4:3 on dealing fairly with orphans. She adds that a guardian would not want to marry the orphan girl in his care when she had little wealth or beauty. So men were forbidden to marry orphan girls for their wealth and beauty unless they dealt with them fairly. The report is recorded by Muslim and al-Bukhari.

Verse 4:128 came down about a man who no longer cares much for his wife and wants to divorce her. She may have been with him a long time and have children by him, so she does not want the marriage to end. She tells him not to divorce her and to keep her, and releases him from his obligations to her. Al-Wahidi reports this from Aishah, and notes that al-Bukhari and Muslim also transmit it. In a second report, Ibn al-Musayyib names the couple: Rafi ibn Khadij wanted to divorce the daughter of Muhammad ibn Maslamah, perhaps because of her age. She asked him to keep her and give her whatever share of his time he chose. Al-Fahl grades this chain sound.

Al-Wahidi reports from al-Suddi that verse 4:135 came down about the Prophet. A rich man and a poor man brought a dispute to him, and he leaned toward the poor man, thinking a poor man would not wrong a rich one. Allah required him to judge justly between rich and poor alike. Al-Kalbi says verse 4:136 came down about Abdullah ibn Salam, Asad and Usayd sons of Ka'b, Tha'labah ibn Qays and other believers from the People of the Book. They told the Prophet they believed in him and his Book, and in Moses, the Torah and Uzayr, but rejected all other books and messengers.

Al-Wahidi's only entry for this passage is on verse 4:148. He reports from Mujahid that a guest stayed with some people who treated him poorly as their guest, and he complained about them. The verse came down giving permission to make such a complaint. In a footnote, al-Fahl notes that al-Samarqandi gives a different account: the verse was about Abu Bakr, who stayed silent several times while a man insulted him and then answered back.